States/multilateral groupings that have joined Australia and raised explicit concerns about economic coercion

Updated working tally (as of February 2023):

The evolution of Quad language on economic coercion

  • First Quad ministerial meeting; foreign affairs; September 2019: No references to “coercion” or “economic coercion” in the public readout.
  • Second Quad ministerial meeting; foreign affairs; 6 October 2020: No references to “coercion” or “economic coercion” in the public readout.
  • Third Quad ministerial Meeting; foreign affairs; 19 February 2021: Concerns raised about “coercion” in general but no mention of “economic coercion” specifically.
  • Quad Leaders’ Joint Statement: ‘The Spirit of the Quad’; leader-level; 13 March 2021: Concerns raised about “coercion” in general but no mention of “economic coercion” specifically.
  • Quad Leaders’ Summit Communique; leader-level; 24 September 2021: Concerns raised about “coercion” in general but no mention of “economic coercion” specifically.
  • Fourth Quad ministerial meeting; Ministerial (foreign affairs); 11 February 2022: “We reaffirm our commitment to upholding and strengthening the rules-based multilateral trading system, with the World Trade Organization at its core. We oppose coercive economic policies and practices that run counter to this system and will work collectively to foster global economic resilience against such actions.”
  • Joint Statement; leader-level; 4 March 2022: “Today the Quad Leaders … convened to reaffirm their commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific, in which the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states is respected and countries are free from military, economic, and political coercion.”
  • Joint Leaders’ Statement; leader-level; 24 May 2022: “We reaffirm our resolve to uphold the international rules-based order where countries are free from all forms of military, economic and political coercion.”